Earlier this year, trade secrets became explicitly protected under Spanish national law when EU Directive (2016/943/EU) became part of Spain law. Before Spain incorporated this EU Directive on trade secrets, it did not have a consistent definition of the term “trade secrets.” In addition to this new Spain law providing a consistent definition for trade […]

Spain has enacted various laws to bring in wealthy and talented people who want to start a business or invest in Spain. Spain now allows foreign investors and skilled individuals to apply for extended visas. Most importantly for our firm’s clients, Spain now has very liberal visa policies for foreign entrepreneurs who plan to start […]

The below is a reprint of an article written by Dan Harris in 2004.   Emerging markets are high risk and high reward. In my work as an attorney representing Western companies in emerging markets, I have concluded there are four essential elements to emerging market success: a good partner, an open mind, active participation, […]

The United States Chamber of Commerce and the American Chamber of Commerce in China last week issued a 143 page report setting forth their recommendations for US-China trade negotiations. Though both of these organizations have a long-standing history of calling for engagement with China so as to further US business interests, this report recommends anything […]

Mainland Chinese courts do not enforce U.S. judgments. Therefore, it will probably be a waste of time for you to bring a lawsuit in a U.S. court against a Chinese company that does not have assets in either the United States or in a country that enforces U.S. judgments. However, it is important that you research where the “Chinese” company is actually […]

Successful litigation turns not just on winning a judgment, but also on enforcing it. This often requires assistance from a court, and sometimes law enforcement within the court’s jurisdiction, to ensure compliance with the court’s decision. Before a US court will enforce a judgment issued by a foreign court, the US court must first recognize […]

Canada’s cannabis legalization creates yet another wrinkle in the relations between the U.S. and its northern neighbor. U.S. Attorney General Jeffrey Sessions harbors a well known hatred towards anything cannabis and he clearly has no love for Canada’s Cannabis Act either. What will this mean though for Canadians who are 100% legally involved in Canada’s cannabis industry when […]

Last month, the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) arrested and charged Pradyumna Kumar Samal, CEO of two Washington State information technology companies, Divensi, Inc. and Azimetry, Inc., with visa-fraud. The DOJ alleges Mr. Samal initiated and oversaw a multi-year scheme involving the submission of forged documents to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (“USCIS”). The […]

You just learned you have an inheritance in Germany. Perhaps a German Court has notified you that you are an heir under a will or you have received notice that you may be an heir under Germany’s intestate succession laws. What should you do? Under Germany’s inheritance laws a decedent’s property passes directly to his […]

大多数的大麻业客户在聘请我们时，都至少对他们的律师的要求有点儿头绪。他们对商标注册、企业文件起草和法律合规性审查等方面的法律要求都有一定的了解，并知道自身需要什么样的帮助。向我们咨询筹资交易的企业和个人，则通常都对证券法缺乏了解。这是很正常的，因为证券法是一个极具挑战性、复杂且经常被人（甚至部分律师）误解的法律领域。 本文的目的是让您对交易过程中何时可能出现证券法的问题有一个基本的了解，好让您更清楚地知道何时需要证券法相关的帮助。 联邦和州的证券法旨在保护投资者。1929年的股市崩盘导致许多投资者血本无归后，对保护投资者的法律的需求变得显而易见。联邦证券法于1933年和1934年通过，以确保投资者在投资前获得企业所披露的完整与公正信息。投资者如果拥有足够的信息，我们作为社会大众不介意他们承担投资的风险。但是被欺骗或无法充分了解投资所涉及风险的投资者，可以通过几种法律途径针对出售证券给他们的公司或个人采取法律行动。除了联邦证券法，大多数的州也通过了本州的证券法，或称“蓝天法”，以保护投资者免于“如投资几尺‘蓝天’一样无稽之谈的投机性计划”。 在处理任何与投资相关的课题时，第一个问题通常是该投资是否涉及证券。何为证券？您可以在这里找到联邦政府对其的定义和法规，也可以在这里找到州法律定义的例子。简单来说，证券可以是公司股票、有限责任公司会员制单位、公司债券等。它们作为一种利润分享付款或保证债务偿还的无形权利，被企业用来换取投资者的金钱以增长或扩张业务。这是对一个非常复杂的概念的简单和概略的描述性解释，具体问题需要依照法律的规定并咨询律师来操作。 证券法一般来说要求企业在发行证券时进行大量且实质性的注册和信息申报，特别情形除外。大多数的证券产品，尤其是小型企业的证券产品，可以免于这些冗长的正式申报，但是即使是豁免的企业，通常也会被要求向州和联邦做通知性申报。另外，即使企业涉及的交易无须向政府注册或通知政府，一般来说还是需要在筹资前向投资者披露某些与企业相关的具体信息。 每个寻求通过发行债务或股权融资筹集资金的企业（无论是大麻或其它业务）都必须通知投资者其基本商业计划、处理所筹集的资本的计划、其财务预测（包括投资者的预期回报窗口），以及列明可能导致企业无法偿还投资者的风险因素。这些风险因素是关键，必须由证券投资顾问起草。每个企业都有自己的风险，因此它们不能照搬全用。这些声明可能看起来让人恐惧，并可能会使得倾向于规避风险的投资者望而却步。然而这可以说是重点所在，因为要规避风险的人不应该将他们的资金投入私人公司，这在本质上是有风险的。 大麻业务的风险因素看起来会更加吓人。他们会说：“联邦政府可能会突击搜查我们、查封所有的设备和库存、逮捕所有的员工、官员和投资者，包括你在内”等之类的话。公司不应该淡化投资的风险。这似乎有悖常理，但是在一开始就让投资者充分了解他们所面对的风险是在为公司提供法律保障。如果一家公司注销而无法偿还投资者，必须证明投资者已经了解所有的风险并知道其投资的安全性是没有保证的。 投资者之间的股票销售也受到证券法的影响，尤其是非注册发行的公司股票。请参阅美国证券交易委员会对此课题的说明。 大麻公司目前是小型企业投资市场的热门商品。许多大麻公司迫切需要资本，许多投资者则把大麻产业视为“明日之星”。但请警惕任何在寻求投资者时不愿意完全披露该投资风险、或是不遵守相关证券法的公司。 如果您需要向律师咨询，请联系： Robert McVay 律师，电话(1) 206-224-5657，邮箱robert@harrisbricken.com。